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普通話是如何誕生的?粵語和陝話都想當國語,卻敗給了河北一方言

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中國幅員遼闊,有著各種各樣的方言體系,方言在語調上基本上互不相同,而為了廣泛交流,以普通話為準的語言體系推行了起來,但在推行普通話之前,不少地區的方言都想要以自己官話為主,而作為首都的北京也推出了以北京話為準的“國語”。



國語在歷史上也是歷經了數代演變,先秦時期推行的官話是古中原的洛陽讀書音,也稱為洛語,秦代、漢代、東晉也都使用洛語,不過東晉遷都南京,因此產生了金陵雅音,洛語和雅音就成了國語,隋朝在兩者的基礎上又推行秦音,元代為蒙古語。
明朝時期以及清中葉以前統一都是使用南京官話,不過清中葉以後,官話就逐漸分成了南京和北京官話,主要還是推行北京官話,民國初年,1911年,中華民國召開了一場“中國讀書音統一會”,確定以“京音”為主的,兼顧南北的國語。



南北國語的揉和,讓南北各省吵的相當激烈,1918年,錢學同甚至提出“廢孔子學不可不廢漢文”的主張,“老國語”就語言體系來講,相當複雜,他提出漢字拉丁母化,一大批留過洋的知識分子也是相繼支援。
比如蔡元培、林語堂、黎錦熙、趙元任、周辨明、許錫五等人,就主張用26個拉丁字母來代表漢語當中的聲、韻、調,去掉老國語的南方尖音和入聲等,這一個大改,完完全全就以北京腔為主。



推行不到兩年,又爆發了問題,直到新中國成立前夕都沒有解決基本的國語問題,1949年任職小學教材葉聖陶又開始著手“新國語”,他認為推行普通話是第一要任,他認為國語理當以“北方話”作為基礎,但北京腔不宜作為國語聲調,這不利於孩子們學習。
1955年,葉聖陶的提議通過了,全國又展開了一場“文字改革”會議,不能用北京腔的話,粵語和陝西話被推了上去,粵語是廣府民系的母語,發源於中原雅音,具有相對完整的九聲六調。



粵語影響力相當大,在海外都有不少的國家以粵語作為語言基礎,不過粵語只能適應沿海地區,不適應大多數地帶,而陝西話就有這個優勢,陝西話屬於中原官話,它在西周時期就已經開始發展。
歷經十三個朝代,大概有兩千多年曆史,中國的文化、語言、文字都是在陝西話的基礎上創立的,而且陝西話只有4個聲調,比起粵語要好學的多,加上文化體系,也更加容易接受。



陝西人在地理環境的影響下,性子十分豪爽,一口陝西話更是讓人覺得親切,但最終普通話還是使用了河北省承德市灤平縣的方言作為普通話的基礎,灤平話比北京腔更字正腔圓,在語感上更加顯得清晰,明確。

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 樓主| 發表於 2020-11-13 10:51:53 | 顯示全部樓層
粵語是廣府民系的母語,發源於中原雅音,具有相對完整的九聲六調。 恩。 各國有各國的國歌。
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 樓主| 發表於 2020-11-13 10:53:20 | 顯示全部樓層
皖北的阜陽地區表示,當地語言最接近普通話。
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 樓主| 發表於 2020-11-13 10:54:47 | 顯示全部樓層
再過一百年,不會有方言。
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 樓主| 發表於 2020-11-13 10:56:14 | 顯示全部樓層
普通話成為漢民族共同語,是經過漫長曆史演變的,是不以個人或少數群體意志轉移的。
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 樓主| 發表於 2020-11-13 10:57:41 | 顯示全部樓層
虎頭蛇尾
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 樓主| 發表於 2020-11-13 10:59:08 | 顯示全部樓層
現在的普通話,是不是胡虜方言
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 樓主| 發表於 2020-11-13 11:00:35 | 顯示全部樓層
粵語也配
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